Material and Operating Variables Affecting the Physical Quality of Biomass Briquettes
Yuqiu Song, Jaya Shankar Tumuluru, Kingsley Iroba, Lope G Tabil, Mingxin Jin, Venkatesh Meda
Last modified: 2010-03-04
Abstract
Biomass is a renewable energy source and environmentally friendly substitute for fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum products. Biomass has low bulk density, which makes it very difficult and costly to transport and handle. One of the very good strategies to overcome these difficulties is to densify the biomass to a high density product like briquettes. Briquetting is influenced by a number of material properties such as moisture content, particle size distribution, and some operating variables such as temperature and densification pressure. In this study, experiments were designed and performed to produce briquettes using barley straw, canola straw, oat straw, and wheat straw. The ground samples were densified using laboratory hydraulic press briquetting machine under three pressure levels (7.5, 10, 12.5 MPa), three levels of temperature (90, 110, 130ºC), at three moisture content levels (9, 12, 15% w.b.), and three levels of particle size (19.1, 25.04, 31.75 mm). For each treatment combination, ten briquettes were manufactured at a residence time of about 30 s. After compression, the dimensions of all the samples were measured; samples were then stored in Ziploc bags at a controlled environment for two weeks. Durability, dimensional stability, and moisture content tests were conducted after two weeks of storage of the briquettes. Results of the analysis indicated that moisture content play a significant role on briquettes durability, stability, and density. Low moisture content of the straws (7-12%) gives a better, denser, more stable, and more durable briquettes than moisture content at 15%. Briquette density increased with increasing pressure depending on the moisture content value. The axial expansion was more significant than the lateral expansion, which in some cases tended to be nil depending on the material and operating variables.
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